O presente artigo procura sintetizar o debate entre três autores sobre o Cristianismo e Religiões. Sendo o Cristianismo o tema central, a sua atitude em relação a outras religiões é apresentada numa forma mais ampla por Frei Félix Neefjes. Depois discute-se o Judaísmo (Reynaldo Luiz Calvo) e o Islamismo (Daniel José Fernandes Rocha) e as atitudes recíprocas entre essas três religiões.

The field of neuroaesthetics attempts to identify the brain processes underlying aesthetic experience, including but not limited to beauty. Previous neuroaesthetic studies have focussed largely on paintings and music, while performing arts such as dance have been less studied. Nevertheless, increasing knowledge of the neural mechanisms that represent the bodies and actions of others, and which contribute to empathy, make a neuroaesthetics of dance timely. Here, we present the first neuroscientific study of aesthetic perception in the context of the performing (...) arts. We investigated brain areas whose activity during passive viewing of dance stimuli was related to later, independent aesthetic evaluation of the same stimuli. Brain activity of six naïve male subjects was measured using fMRI, while they watched 24 dance movements, and performed an irrelevant task. In a later session, participants rated each movement along a set of established aesthetic dimensions. The ratings were used to identify brain regions that were more active when viewing moves that received high average ratings than moves that received low average ratings. This contrast revealed bilateral activity in the occipital cortices and in right premotor cortex. Our results suggest a possible role of visual and sensorimotor brain areas in an automatic aesthetic response to dance. This sensorimotor response may explain why dance is widely appreciated in so many human cultures. (shrink)

This book proposes, from a civil perspective —such as that developed by Stefano Zamagni— and a cordial perspective —such as that developed by Adela Cortina—, orientations to design an economy in tune with what the historical moment demands. Among other things, this comes from encouraging institutions, organisations and companies to include in their designs aspects as important for carrying out their activities as cordial reciprocity, mutual recognition of the communicative and affective capacities of the linked or linkable parties, public commitment (...) and the active participation of civil society. The book first shows the conceptualisation of the process of self-interest as operating for one’s own benefit and its inclusion in the orthodox economic model. In Chapter 2 it then displays some of the logical/formal and experimental limits of the axiomatic economics model to discover the possibility of building bridges between theoretical modelling and factual validation. Chapter 3 demonstrates the fragility of a rationality model based on the paradigmatic figure of homo oeconomicus. Chapter 4 reflects on the critical process that has identified reciprocity as a determining factor for human cooperation, turning this behaviour into a paradox in which the lack of a reasonable explanation from the selfish perspective becomes inconsistent in the predominant economic theory. Chapter 5 is from a moral point of view it describes and criticises the different approaches to reciprocity observed by sociologists, biologists, psychologists and economists. Chapter 6 analyses three mutual recognition proposals as possible foundations for human cooperation, highlighting one of them –cordial recognition, developed by Cortina– because it is more closely related to studies of reciprocity, particularly the most recent contributions from the neurosciences. Chapter 7 proposes cordial reciprocity as a horizon of meaning for the various approaches to reciprocity observed. Chapter 8 explores the possible emergence and development of cordial goods, a type of relational and communicative good that enables joint actions to take place in different contexts of human activity. Chapter 9 analyses the application and implementation of cordial reciprocity at the macro, meso and micro levels of the economy. And finally, it proposes guidelines for designing a monitoring and compliance system which, based on the communication, storage and processing of big data and the committed participation of stakeholders, offers businesses the possibility of inspecting their underlying dimensions of morality, emotions and responsibility. (shrink)

« Cet article vise, par le recours à la catégorie de bruit, à ouvrir des voies capables de raccorder la philosophie et l’éducation. mon hypothèse centrale est que la catégorie de bruit instaure un connecteur critique qui active conjointement l’ontologie d’Alain Badiou et la pédagogie de Paulo Freire 1. Le bruit, postulé ici comme la temporalisation phénoménologique du vide ontologique de Badiou, devient la condition de possibilité à la fois de l’émergence d’un sujet et de sa fidélité à une procédure (...) de vérité. je pose ici un Sujet générique de l’éducation comme l’émanation temporelle du lieu ouvert par la catégorie philosophique de Vérité. je propose, en somme, qu’une telle “éducation dans le bruit” ne soit que l’aspect praxial, temporel et immanément freirien de la notion purement philosophique de Badiou d’une “éducation par les vérités. 2 ». (shrink)

Numerous studies have linked the consumption of violent audiovisual content to the increase of aggressive cognitions and behaviors. This research aims to clarify whether the possible harmful consequences of violent videogames might vary depending on an individual variable such as trait aggressiveness. A correlational study was carried out among 6,130 teenagers from two European countries, in which it became evident, by means of multiple regression analyses, that there was a positive correlation between the use of violent videogames and aggressive behavioral (...) intentions. More relevantly, these correlations were greater amongst those subjects with higher scores on the Aggression Scale. Finally, when analyzing the subjective experiences of users of violent videogames, the more aggressive individuals manifested a greater desire to imitate the characters of the interactive content, admitting that they ended up more agitated even when their initial objective was to relieve tension or relax. Practical and theoretical implications of those results are discussed. (shrink)

Este trabajo plantea el papel de la providencia y de la religión en los principales temas de la Ciencia Nueva: el mito, las primeras comunidades, la dialéctica de nobles y plebeyos, la lógica poética, etc., esbozando el proceso de cómo los hombres pasan a ser de hombres sin Dios a hombres con leyes. This paper deals with the role of both Providence and religion within the range of the main themes in the “New Science”: myth, the first human communities, the (...) dialectics between nobles and plebeians, logic, politics, etc., sketching in turn the way in which human beings became men with laws from the stage of Godlessmen. (shrink)

Partiendo de distintas racionalidades parciales que, en diferentes pasajes de la historia, han aportado a la idea de persona y dignidad humana, en este artículo se profundiza en lo que significa ser persona, en el sentido de la dignidad que le es propia. Se reflexiona así sobre el puesto que le corresponde en una sociedad justa, a la altura de nuestro tiempo, con las consecuencias que se derivan de ello, particularmente para la moral, la política y el derecho. Un cierto (...) tipo de sociedad donde cada persona pueda encontrar las condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo de todas las dimensiones de su humanidad y vivir de manera armoniosa en comunidad y con el resto de la naturaleza. Estamos ante una reflexión que busca contribuir a que el ser humano pueda desarrollarse plenamente, con su esfuerzo, pero con el apoyo de los demás. Un modo de convivencia social donde la democracia y el Estado de Derecho se presentan, junto con los derechos fundamentales, como las formas de organización jurídico-políticas más acordes con la dignidad humana, con los objetivos de racionalización y humanización que se persiguen para construir y fortalecer una sociedad justa. (shrink)

Este artículo se aproxima a varios de los elementos metodológicos e ideológi­cos presentes en la obra del profesor Gregorio Peces-Barba, relacionándolos con algunas líneas de su pensamiento, a fin de reflejar su contribución e influencia a partir de ciertos contextos. Está especialmente dirigido a los nuevos estudiantes que deseen tener un primer contacto con su pensamien­to. Los temas que se presentan se agrupan en torno al uso de la razón histó­rica, el antropocentrismo secularizado y el discurso sobre las capacidades. También (...) alrededor de la influencia de la Modernidad y la Ilustración, del personalismo comunitario y el socialismo democrático, además de la tradi­ción republicana. (shrink)

This essay traces the genealogy and evolution of the category of the subject as it developed in the thought of Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, and Alain Badiou. As will be seen, within the fruitful and complementary dialogue about the subject and subjectivity formation among these three French thinkers, there are major discrepancies in their approaches, from Althusser’s seemingly passive view of the subject as a victim of state oppression, to Foucault’s one, embedded in power but with the capacity of resistance, (...) and, finally, to Badiou’s understanding, in his book Théorie du sujet (Theory of the Subject, 1982), of the subject as the one who courageously takes risks to put into practice the truth brought about by the event in order to radically transform the present situation. (shrink)

This paper seeks to analyze the construction of ethics in sexuality research in which qualitative methods are employed in the field of social sciences. Analyses are based on a bibliographic review of current discussions on research methods of queer theory and on the authors' own experiences of past research on sexuality. The article offers a theoretical perspective on the ways ethnography and in‐depth interviews become methods that can rely on a consensual method and create a politics of intimacy between the (...) researchers and research participants. The politics of intimacy may contribute to the production of a politically engaged knowledge while escaping from the moral matrix that usually governs the relationship between researchers and research participants. It is argued here that the researcher's sexed and gendered body matters for fieldwork; that the consensual method among participants may be employed in sexuality research as a fruitful tool; and that the relationships created among researchers and participants can pose a challenge to predetermined ethical guidelines in research. As a result, discussions problematize the existence of a politics of intimacy in sexuality research that is characterized by ethical relations among research participants. (shrink)

El trabajo analiza las razones para la acción. A partir de la distinción entre los enfoques de decisión racional y altruismo recíproco, el artículo examina sucesivamente ambos modelos, concluyendo con una breve observación sobre el poder de las profecías que se auto-cumplen. El texto argumenta que el enfoque de la decisión racional se basa en suposiciones erróneas sobre la naturaleza humana y, por consiguiente, conduce a predicciones igualmente equivocadas.

Max Aub es uno de los escritores en lengua castellana que mejor analizó los movimientos fascistas europeos a lo largo de su obra. Particularmente significativo es su temprano trabajo Sobre algunos mitos fascistas publicado en Nueva Cultura. Siguiendo este texto, este artículo busca exponer el trabajo de Aub como intelectual comprometido con la lucha antifascista desde la crítica cultural, así como las ideas que sobre el fascismo y el totalitarismo posee al comienzo de la Guerra Civil española. Aub centra sus (...) reflexiones en la reconstrucción del mito por parte del fascismo, donde el racismo la biopolítica y las masas son claves para entender a los movimientos totalitarios europeos. Un análisis que el escritor desarrollará en su fecunda narrativa, construyendo uno de los corpus literarios que, de manera más compleja, intentarán comprender al totalitarismo en lengua castellana y que suma a Max Aub a la gran tradición de pensamiento europeo antifascista.Palabras clave: Max Aub, fascismo, mito, biopolítica, literatura antifascista, crítica cultural. (shrink)

In visual science the term filling-inis used in different ways, which often leads to confusion. This target article presents a taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena to organize and clarify theoretical and empirical discussion. Examples of boundary completion (illusory contours) and featural completion (color, brightness, motion, texture, and depth) are examined, and single-cell studies relevant to filling-in are reviewed and assessed. Filling-in issues must be understood in relation to theoretical issues about neuralignoring an absencejumping to a conclusionanalytic isomorphismCartesian materialism, a particular (...) neural stage that forms the immediate substrate of perceptual experience enactiveanimatesubpersonal” considerations about internal processing, but rather by considerations about the task of vision at the level of the animal or person interacting with the world. (shrink)

Foi o filósofo Friedrich Schleiermacher quem primeiro intentou transformar a hermenêutica, técnica interpretativa do XVII dirigida exclusivamente à exegese de textos bíblicos e jurídicos, numa ciência da compreensão dos discursos em geral. Elevada a princípio interpretativo universal, a hermenêutica schleiermacheriana aspirava para os discursos escritos àquilo que a retórica aristotélica e a de Quintiliano (II, XVII, 37-38), entre outras que lhes são posteriores, propuseram para todo hábito discursivo, não somente para os escritos, muitos séculos antes. Mais restrita, contudo, porquanto re" (...) etida no modelo da cienti! cidade, o núcleo dessa nova metodologia, a compreensão, diferentemente da invenção,disposição,ação,memória,elocução retóricas, fechava-se sobre si mesma como movimento impelido pela autoconsciência!metodológica inerente às epistemologias modernas. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta de modo bastante sucinto alguns lances da leitura barbarasiana de Merleau-Ponty e o tournant que, em face dessa obra, levou Barbaras a uma “fenomenologia da vida”.

Este texto analisa quatro artigos que trataram de debates contemporâneos da historiografia latino-americana, bem como busca apontar possíveis diálogos entre os mesmos. São novos olhares sobre estudos de temáticas nacionais específicas, como no caso guatemalteco e paraguaio, ou no diálogo com a própria teoria. Isto implicou deslocar de uma zona de conforto a própria historiografia nacional para o caso colombiano, ou mesmo para o conjunto das ciências humanas, a partir da constituição de epistemologias vinculadas à descolonização do saber.

A lógica do engajamento: literatura e metafísica em Sartre.

In this article we reflect on the phenomenon of waiting, interpreted in our own context, but drawn from a text by Heidegger. The text implies that the bored person is waiting for the moment in which something will, as they presume, dissipate their boredom. We will proceed to show the internal structure of time as a lived experience of the phenomenon of waiting while bored, and how this time is existentially configured as pain. To do this, the temporal structure of (...) such waiting will be examined phenomenologically to demonstrate how it transforms the existence of whoever is waiting while bored. (shrink)

We examine the responses of South African multinational enterprises to corruption in African markets in the context of institutional voids. Corruption is a source of uncertainty and additional transactional costs for MNEs and it necessitates a strategic response. The research employs a qualitative study of a sample of MNEs with experience in internationalising into Africa. The results indicate that corruption in African markets is pervasive and closely associated with the institutional voids in these countries. MNEs see themselves as ‘institution takers’ (...) responding to countries’ institutional makeup at the organisational and individual level but fail to fully appreciate their impact on institutions both positively and negatively. Rather MNEs focus on strategic responses at the organisational level to address corruption operationally in the host country. We add to the existing literature by providing a dynamic framework of the complex webs of association between institutions, MNEs and corruption in conditions of economic underdevelopment. The research suggests that MNEs do not need to get caught in a vicious cycle whereby they perpetuate corruption in conditions of underdevelopment and institutional voids but instead can contribute towards a virtuous cycle through which they institutionalise ethical foundations. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar las líneas fundamentales de la teoría merleaupontyana acerca de la violencia, centrándonos en sus «escritos de guerra». Consta de cuatro epígrafes: una Introducción en la que describimos la situación histórica que influye en la propuesta de Merleau-Ponty, así como explicamos las expresiones «mains sales»-«mains propres». Un segundo apartado en el que caracterizamos las «manos limpias» en base al optimismo democrática el cual se apoya en una conciencia pura. En el tercer epígrafe hacemos patente la crítica merleau-pontyana (...) a los fundamentos teóricos de los «manos limpias» y señalamos su nuevo concepto de humanismo cuya figura central es Maquiavelo. Asimismo, nos detenemos en la ambigüedad existente entre la coexistencia primigenia y la violencia, de modo que una llama a la otra. Finalmente, concluimos definiendo a Merleau-Ponty como «filósofo de la Modernidad», concepto que adquiere un nuevo matiz en su obra.  . (shrink)

According to F. Adams [this journal, vol. 68, 2018] cognition cannot be realized in plants or bacteria. In his view, plants and bacteria respond to the here-and-now in a hardwired, inflexible manner, and are therefore incapable of cognitive activity. This article takes issue with the pursuit of plant cognition from the perspective of an empirically informed philosophy of plant neurobiology. As we argue, empirical evidence shows, contra Adams, that plant behavior is in many ways analogous to animal behavior. This renders (...) plants suitable to be described as cognitive agents in a non-metaphorical way. Sections two to four review the arguments offered by Adams in light of scientific evidence on plant adaptive behavior, decision-making, anticipation, as well as learning and memory. Section five introduces the ‘phyto-nervous’ system of plants. To conclude, section six resituates the quest for plant cognition into a broader approach in cognitive science, as represented by enactive and ecological schools of thought. Overall, we aim to motivate the idea that plants may be considered genuine cognitive agents. Our hope is to help propel public awareness and discussion of plant intelligence once appropriately stripped of anthropocentric preconceptions of the sort that Adams' position appears to exemplify. (shrink)

Nossa leitura da Carta Sétima parte do pressuposto segundo o qual o filosofar instaura-se sobre um exercício dialético incessante entre fenomenologia e hermenêutica do real. Objetivamos aqui, por um lado, justificar a atualidade e a pertinência da hermenêutica filosófica bem como sua apropriada aplicação aos textos filosóficos e, por outro, elucidar o que julgamos ser o cerne da carta em questão, ou seja, indicar traços fundamentais da verdadeira filosofia e, portanto, dos verdadeiros filósofos segundo nossa leitura do escrito de Platão. (...) Nossa reflexão, em seu conjunto, pretende configurar uma espécie de resposta à carta de Platão, apontando, assim, nossa posição sobre o exercício filosófico atual. Articularemos nosso propósito sobre dois momentos interconectados entre si: iniciaremos elucidando alguns pressupostos hermenêuticos de leitura do texto platônico com o escopo de explicitar nossos elogios à verdadeira filosofia. Our reading of the Seventh Letter starts from the assumption that philosophizing is based on an unceasing dialectical exercise that moves between phenomenology and hermeneutics of the real. Our goal here is, on the one hand, to justify the relevance and pertinence of philosophical hermeneutics and its appropriate application to philosophical texts and, on the other hand, to point out what we see as the core of that letter, viz. sketching the basic features of true philosophy and thus of true philosophers according to our reading of Plato's writing. As a whole, our reflection intends to be a kind of response to Plato's letter as it presents our position about the present exercise of philosophy. This is done through two interconnected moments: we begin by discussing some hermeneutical assumptions of the reading of Plato's text, then we express our praise of true philosophy. (shrink)